The presence of alternate hosts encourages the pink stem borer to develop, multiply and survive during winter or dry season. However the term most frequently refers among the coleoptera to the larva of certain longhorn beetles such as dorysthenes buqueti and those of the genus oberea, and among the lepidoptera to certain moths of the crambidae, castniidae, gelechiidae, nolidae, and pyralidae families. Borer damage in sugar cane rice invertebrate pests not in california now but in u. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga. A study of the african white rice stem borer maliarpha.
Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta. No matter which continent, ecosystem, or type of crop culture, a field of rice is usually infested by more than one stem borer species. Crambidae in java, indonesia article pdf available december 2015 with. Annual rice yield losses due to this pest were estimated as 58. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and. Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta, china. The insects infest rice crops throughout their growth, from the seedling stage to maturity. Do rice water weevils and rice stem borers compete when sharing a. Once the worlds largest rice exporter, myanmar is now a relatively minor player exporting an average 631,000 mt annually over the past 4 years. Pdf world bibliography of rice stem borers researchgate. The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia inferens walker are the most injurious insect pests of rice in the yangtze delta, one of the countrys rice bowls and a region undergoing rapid economic development. Crop protection 18 1999 315322 quantifying rice farmers pest management decisions. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed.
However, its production is constrained by both abiotic and biotic factors. Lumes, lund university international masters programme in. The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia. In sri lanka three species of stem borers attack deepwater rice, but the major pest is undoubtedly the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. In this study, surveys and field trials were performed to examine this problem and efficient ways were found to lower the borers population density. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for millions in subsaharan africa. Pdf mitochondrial dna variation of the rice yellow stem. Pyralidae is one of the most serious pests of rice in temperate and subtropical asia. System of rice intensification sri is a methodology that involves intermittent wetting and drying of rice paddies, unlike in the conventional rice culture where the rice paddies. The purpose of this research was to invent trap which uses an effective color that attracts s. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in subsaharan africa leonard p.
Evaluation of resistance to striped stem borer in rice. In cauvery deltaic region four species of stem borer that is scirpophaga incertulas yellow stem borer, chilo. Resistance of dryland rice to stem borer scirpophaga. Mitochondrial dna variation of the rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incretulas lepidoptera. Stem borers consist primarily of insects in the lepidopterous families, noctuidae and pyralidae. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical extracts. The contents are the responsibility of michigan state.
One of the most important biotic constraints is the african white rice stem borer, maliarpha separatella ragonot. The eggs are rounded, pale and yellowish green in colour. A field trial was conducted in karawang, west java in dry season of 2003 to. Chinniah abstract experiments were carried out in field conditions to analyse the effect of induced resistance on certain major pests of rice viz. Light traps have been used for monitoring and controlling s. Incidence was more when moderate temperature and moderate humidity prevailing during septemberoctober. One of the trichogramma species commonly used to control rice stem borer is trichogrammajaponicum t japonicum. The finding of this study pest weather model for yellow stem borer of kharif rice was prepared. More and more rice has to be produced on less land and with less farm inputs. Management of rice insect pests radcliffes ipm world textbook. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed in maizebased cropping systems in africa z.
Research article lepidopteran stem borer species abundance. However this was not followed and there was continuous cropping of rice in the scheme. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. The rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker, continued to occur severely in spite of heavy application of insecticides throughout these periods. The pink stem borer is found in upland rice, which is grown near sugarcane or related grasses. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker using some biorational insecticides sitesh chatterjee1 and palash mondal2 abstract the experiments were carried out to study the performance of some biorational insecticides against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker in boro rice at rice research station, chinsurah. Understanding stem borer abundance and damages would help to design appropriate. Rice invertebrate pests in california but not in rice production. Mwalusepo s, tonnang hez, massawe es, okuku go, khadioli n, johansson t, et al.
Little was known about stem borer problem in tanzania prior to this study. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for. Feeding in the stem during the vegetative growth stage of the plant seedling to stem elongation causes death of the central shoot deadheart. For either variety, panicle density in main and ratoon crops was not affected by stem borer damage table 1. Rice stem borers rsb can be present in all rice growing areas. Rice provides more than 50% of the calories consumed in bangladesh, cambodia, myanmar, laos. Yellow stem borer, rice leaf roller, long horned cricket, grasshopper, green leafhopper, brown planthopper, whitebacked planthopper and gall midge were found as pests in both the locations. Stem borer majrapoka any of the numerous species of lepidopterous insect pests that habitually bores into the stem of the host plant and feed on the inner tissues.
Gianessi 1 international pesticide benefit case study 108 october, 2014 introduction rice is an essential crop for feeding the populations of south and south east asia. By using inorganic fertilizer nutrients in rice stem borer attack even more than in the organic fertilizer. They are internal stem feeders and larval feeding causes damage to rice tillers during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Replication of insect iridescent virus 6 in a whitefly. Isolation of benzoic and salicylic acids from the rice. The striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker lepidoptera. Development of pvcresincontrolled release formulation. Knowledge and skills of the benong ii farmers group in the kalibuaya village, telaga sari, karawang regarding the management and control of rice stem borer that environmentally friendly, especially biological control using parasitoid trichogramma sp. Quantifying rice farmers pest management decisions. The rice striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis is a destructive rice pest in china and other asian countries. The characterization of genes involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis and transport could identify potential targets for disruption of the neurochemical communication and for crop protection. Pyralidae, was the most important insect pest of rice, attacking all stages. Weather based multiple regression models for different standard weeks for yellow stem borer were developed by using data for period 19982014 and validated with two year data 2015 and 2016. Several noncultivated wild host plants of these stem borers have been recorded and documented table 1.
The stem borers, belonging to order lepidoptera, are widely distributed as economic pests of rice. This insect pest infests rice plants, almost all the rice season round, inducing dead hearts symptom during the vegetative. But in general, the pink stem borer is not so prevalent in the northern district. The instar larvae get dispersed with the help of silken threads and wind. Super rice has the potential to deliver very high yields but is also susceptible to attack by the striped rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis. However, it is often said that the occurrence of the rice stem borer is decreasing for the last several years in many places of our country. Stem borers are ubiquitous pests of rice worldwide figs. Stem borers, natural enemies, relative abundance, rice. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and south east asia leonard p. Mango stem borer it is an occasional but very serious pest of mango found all over the country. Help research to grow more rice agricultural land being limited, the only effective way of meeting the demand for more rice by the rapidlygrowing population of asia and the far east is to increase productivity per acre. The rice bug, another important pest of rice, caused damage by feeding on the sap of milky grain and turn them chaffy.
Dead heart white ears yellow stem borer infested field management cultural practices clipping of seedling before transplanting for prevention egg laying harvesting done at the base of plant in order to avoid pupae remain in the field. A stemborer stem borer is any insect larva, or arthropod, that bores into plant stems. Gianessi 1 international pesticide benefit case study 101 july, 2014 ice is the most rapidly growing food commodity in subsaharan africa. Guidelines for production of rice i preface based on accepted practices and latest verification of results from rural development administration rda of the republic of korea and kenya. Gall midge orseolia oryzae cecidomyiidae diptera 3.
For both varieties, for both main and ratoon crops, mexican rice borer was the predominant stem borer species about 70%. Rice striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis lepidoptera. Rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. A microbial community was enriched from the gut of the rice yellow stem borer for enhanced rice straw degradation by subculturing every 10 days, for 1 year, in minimal medium with rice straw as the main carbon source. Stem borer scirpophaga is a serious paddy pest in india, pakistan, burma, sri lanka, china, japan formosa, philippines and indonesia. Economic threshold level etl of paddy insect pests agropedia. However, insect infestation was below the economic threshold level etl. Mining the biomass deconstructing capabilities of rice. Evaluation of insecticides for stem borer control discussion previous research by the entomology project has shown that stem borers can cause significant yield loss in rice. The larvae feed on the internal tissues of the stem and undergo 56 moults. African white rice stem borer, maliapha separatellarag. Attraction of yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. Of the various major pests, the stem borer insect is the most dangerous enemy to the paddy plant.
Rice productivity in myanmar has stagnated in comparison with other rice producers in the region. The number of eggs laid by a single female moth is upto 150. Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae. Aleyrodidae, is a major problem in agroecosystems throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The rice stem borers are the principal devastators and responsible for. Some of the sounds are low in intensity, and it may be necessary to turn up the speaker volume to hear them. During tillering, the typical damage symptom is deadheart, while in flowering stage, it causes. The white stem borer has become less important in australia since the introduction of direct seeding. It is a serious pest of wheat and rabi all over india but is more prevalent in south india. Analysis of pest management methods used for rice stem borer scirpophaga. The adult moths lay eggs on rice leaves and the larvae bore into the stem. The pink stem borer, sesamia inf er ens is also distributed throughout the philippines.
So, in all the rice growing areas this insect or moth pest is available. The yellow rice stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker is a major pests on rice. In this experiment, stem borer pressure was not exceptionally heavy and a significant yield response among treatments did not occur table 1. World bibliography of rice stem borers stem borers are ubiquitous pests of rice worldwide figs. Unlike other species of stem borers, the pink stem borer lay bare eggs between the leaf sheath and the stem. A field population of the rice stem borer chilo suppressalis walker with. Yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas pyraustidae lepidoptera 2. Approximately six major species of stem borer cause significant damage to rice cultivation. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the. Traditionally, rice was grown as a subsistence crop by smallholders and largely consumed on the farm.
Rice stem borers are of major economic significance causing 2530% loss to rice crop 2. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in subsaharan. Rice plants are liable to attacks of several insect pest species, however, the rice stem borer, chilo agmemnon ble. Most cereal stem borers of maize and sorghum are generally polyphagous and have several gramineous and other wild hosts in addition to more than one cultivated crop. At atl release egg parasitoid, trichogramma japonicum for the management of the rice yellow stem borer spraying neem seed kernel extract controls stem borer clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses and collect and destroy the egg masses in main field. Yellowish brown head with five longitudinal purplish brown stripes. The effect of waterextract on the growth of rice stem borer larvae rice plants, prior to easing, were cut from the root side and dried. Pdf effectiveness of trichogramma japonicum utilization. Development of pvcresincontrolled release formulation for.
Pest control of rice stem borer in sri lanka lumes. Ocean islands, as these are areas where rice is an important food crop. Pests of rice borers and foliage feeders yellow stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge, other defoliators are important and cause significant reduction in yield in rice growing areas. Pdf stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in indonesia. Replication of insect iridescent virus 6 in a white. The larvae after hatching bore into the stem and feed upon the tissues of the stem. The objective of this study was to identify rice lines resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. Organic source induced silica on leaf folder, stem borer and gall midge population and rice yield p. Most stem borers belong to the families pyralidae and noctuidae, and the immature insects, the caterpillars, tunneling in the stems and feeding on the soft tissues, cause the injury. This suggests stem borers did not reduce the density of culms producing panicles in the main or ratoon crop. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and south. The enriched culture demonstrated high cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity in. Management of rice stem borer rice stem borer causes damage by reducing the number of tillers and yield.
A total of 42 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditions in. Khan and others published world bibliography of rice stem borers find, read and cite all the research you need on. The rice office of stem engagement r stem supports and promotes rice universitys wideranging efforts to improve k12 science, technology, engineering and mathematics stem education in all greater houston area school districts. In india, the yellow stem borer caused 1% to 19% yield loss in early planted rice crops and 38% to 80% in late planted rice 3. Stemborers belonging to the orders diptera and lepidopt era are the most serious pests of rice in subsaharan africa. Training was conducted by icarzpdiii, barapani, meghalaya. Rice stem borers are among the most biotic stresses of economic importance in agriculture. Scientific name common name order family source 1 chilo polychrysus darkheaded striped borer lepidoptera pyralidae current list cpc 2007 list 2 chilo suppressalis striped rice stem borer lepidoptera pyralidae current list cpc 2007 list. They inhibit the stem and make the tunnel inside soft or hard stem. Sep 12, 2016 how to control rice yellow stem borer.
It is the major species in the major upland rice growing areas of west africa 1,14, but in east africa it is important in lowland irrigated rice. A fully grown caterpillar is cylindrical with its head redbrown in colour and measures 2025 mm in length. Changes in the acreage where the rice stem borer occurred fig. Predicting the impact of temperature change on the future. Mar 31, 2016 this is a video clip produced by trainee of 3 days training on communicating science through video presentations. It is found in afghanistan, nepal, northeastern india, sri lanka, bangladesh, myanmar, vietnam, thailand, malaysia, singapore, sumatra, java, borneo, sumba, sulawesi, the philippines, taiwan, china and japan. Due to the great difficulty to use the technique of artificial infestation by the rice stem borer, the simulated technique panicle removal was applied to induce.
709 1109 1496 1271 1036 756 520 15 1143 1520 1524 80 454 520 561 1373 725 272 738 1032 295 445 1181 260 924 695 378 809 1354 1119 447 763 338 624 226 751 1177 1175 1304 649 1295 750 1189 365 809 655 283 111 179